Copper rings, built and measured

How the copper rings and rods behind sacredcubit.com are made, what the physics of a closed copper loop actually says, and how to measure a ring's resonance yourself with a NanoVNA.

soldered joint

Geometry of a twisted-pair ring

A ring starts as two lengths of 99.9% copper wire twisted together. The pair is bent into a circle and the ends are soldered, so the finished ring is a closed conducting loop. Four numbers define it, and all four are recorded for every ring:

ParameterWhy it matters
Wire length before twistingThe cubit length the design is based on
Twist pitch (length of one full twist)Tighter twists use up more wire
Finished circumferenceSets the loop's own resonances
Wire gaugeThicker wire shifts resonance and uses more length per twist

Twisting shortens the pair

Each wire in a twisted pair follows a helix, so the pair ends up shorter than the wire that went into it. For wire diameter d and twist pitch p, the finished length is the wire length times:

p / √(p² + (π d)²)

For a 52.32 cm wire:

GaugeFactor, 10 mm pitchFinished lengthFactor, 15 mm pitchFinished length
12 AWG (2.05 mm)0.84044.0 cm0.91948.1 cm
14 AWG (1.63 mm)0.89046.6 cm0.94649.5 cm
16 AWG (1.29 mm)0.92748.5 cm0.96550.5 cm

So a "52.32 cm ring" has to say whether 52.32 cm is the wire length or the finished length. Our specification always gives both. The table uses 10 mm and 15 mm as example pitches.

What a closed copper loop does

Established physics

Induction. Faraday's law says a changing magnetic flux through a loop induces a voltage around it, EMF = −dΦ/dt. Because a ring is closed, that voltage drives a current around the ring. A ring does nothing on its own: it responds to fields that change.

Twisting. In a twisted pair, the wire nearest to an outside source swaps on every half twist, so both wires pick up nearly the same interference and it cancels in the difference between them. This is why network cables are twisted (Twisted pair, Wikipedia). The ring as a whole still encloses an area, so a field passing through the ring still induces a current around it.

Resonance. Like any conductor, a ring has resonant frequencies set mainly by its length. A single closed loop first resonates when its circumference is about one wavelength; antenna builders cut a full-wave loop to 1005 / f feet (IW5EDI), about 306 / f metres. A twisted pair is a more complex structure, so its resonances have to be measured, not assumed.

Open questions

Whether rings at these sizes have measurable effects beyond ordinary electromagnetism is an open research question. Protocols and results, including null results, are published on 5D Library.

Measuring resonance with a NanoVNA

  1. Set the range first. Choose start and stop frequencies around the design frequency, for example 114–174 MHz for a 144 MHz design.
  2. Calibrate. Connect the open, short and 50 Ω load standards to the CH0 (S11) port in turn and confirm each, then save the calibration (NanoVNA user manual). Recalibrate whenever you change the range or the cable.
  3. Straight rod. Mount it as a quarter-wave element over a ground plane at least half a wavelength across and connect it to CH0. Read the frequency of lowest SWR.
  4. Closed ring. Make a single-turn pickup loop of 2–3 cm on the end of the cable, hold it next to the ring and look for the dip in S11 where the ring absorbs energy, the principle of a grid-dip meter.
  5. Repeat and record. Three runs per ring, remounting each time, away from metal objects. Save the screenshots.

Record every measurement in this format

ring_id,model,wire_length_cm,finished_circumference_cm,gauge_awg,twist_pitch_mm,
structure,method,sweep_start_mhz,sweep_stop_mhz,resonance_mhz,depth_db_or_swr,
run,date,operator,photo_file

Send the file to 5D Library, where measurements are published as open data.

Sizes against sacredcubit.com models

Calculated from λ = c / f. Ring lengths are filled in as each model's specification is confirmed.

ModelDesign MHzWire lengthλ/4 (cm)λ/2 (cm)Full-wave loop (cm)
Sacred Cubit14452.32 cm52.05104.09212.7
Lost Cubit177Not yet confirmed42.3484.69173.1
Empowerment Cubit188Not yet confirmed39.8779.73162.9
Galactic Cubit262Not yet confirmed28.6157.21116.9
Viking Cubit443Not yet confirmed16.9233.8469.1

Full-wave loop circumference from 1005 / f feet. Regeneration and Unity Cubits are listed once a frequency is published.

Copper rings and rods are sold as research and design objects. Nothing on this site is medical advice, and no page claims that a ring treats, prevents or cures any condition.

Published monographs · 研究专著与公开方案

Monographs on this site's subject, published with DOIs

The Sacred Cubit and Resonant Geometry神圣肘尺与谐振几何

Measuring the Egyptian Royal Cubit, the Quarter Wave and the Bifilar Ring · 古埃及肘尺、四分之一波长与双绞铜环的测量研究

Five measurable questions about the royal cubit: museum rod lengths, λ = c/f resonances, twisted copper rings, orthogonal ring geometry, and a home bench with NanoVNA and RTL-SDR. Predictions are stated in advance and raw data are published as measured.

从都灵、卢浮宫、大英博物馆的肘尺实物出发,用可复现的测量回答五个问题;预测事先写明,原始数据原样公开。

Fan Yafu 范雅福 · 5D Library, 5DL-B-003 · version 1.0.0, 2026 · Preface + 5 chapters · 序 + 五章 · free to read, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Disclosure: this site and 5D Library are run by the same group, which makes and sells the rings and coils discussed in the book. The book makes no health or medical claims. 说明:本站与 5D Library 同属一个集团,集团制作并销售书中讨论的铜环与线圈;本书不作任何健康或医疗声称。

Crystal Piezoelectricity, Iron-Nickel Meteorites and Photobiomodulation晶体压电性、铁镍陨石与光生物调节

Alpha-Quartz, Tourmaline Pyroelectricity, Widmanstätten Diffusion and Near-Infrared Cytochrome c Oxidase

The real physics behind stones and light, and how large it is: the piezoelectricity of quartz and the quartz resonator, the pyroelectricity of tourmaline, the Widmanstätten pattern as a record of cooling over millions of years, light in tissue and the biphasic dose of red and near-infrared light, the Schumann resonances and earthing, with four physical checks and a double-blind trial against a heat-matched sham.

石英压电与谐振器、电气石热释电、魏德曼花纹记录的百万年冷却、组织光学与红光近红外的双相剂量、舒曼共振与接地,附四项物理检测与等热量假照射双盲试验。

Fan Yafu 范雅福 · 5D Library, 5DL-B-009 · version 1.0.0, 2026 · Preface + 8 chapters · 序 + 八章 · free to read, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Not medical advice; the book claims no healing power for any stone, meteorite, earthing product or light device. Disclosure: this site and 5D Library are run by the same group, founded by the author. 非医疗建议;本书不声称任何石头、陨石、接地产品或光照设备有疗效。说明:本站与 5D Library 同属作者创办的集团。

The Default Mode Network, the Entropic Brain and Neural Oscillations默认模式网络、熵脑与神经振荡

5-HT2A Receptor Kinetics, Pineal Calcite Microcrystals and the Computational Neuroscience of Meditative Attention

The resting brain's energy budget and network hubs, the Kuramoto model of synchrony, the entropic brain hypothesis with the risks and limits of the clinical trials, meditation and mind-wandering, the pineal gland, and the evidence on 40 Hz stimulation and binaural beats, read beside the Diamond Sūtra and the Platform Sūtra, with a pre-registered trial comparing breath-focused listening with binaural beats.

大脑静息能量预算与网络枢纽、库拉莫托同步、熵脑假说及临床试验的风险局限、禅修与走神、松果体,以及 40 Hz 与双耳节拍的证据,与《金刚经》《坛经》并读,附专注听息对照双耳节拍的预注册试验。

Fan Yafu 范雅福 · 5D Library, 5DL-B-008 · version 1.0.0, 2026 · Preface + 8 chapters · 序 + 八章 · free to read, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Not medical or legal advice. Disclosure: this site and 5D Library are run by the same group, founded by the author, who teaches the listening method discussed in the book. 非医疗或法律建议。说明:本站与 5D Library 同属作者创办的集团,作者教授书中讨论的聆听方法。